EAR DISEASE (OTITIS)
(by Dr Jason Smith 2005)
Infection of the external ear canal (outer ear) by bacteria or yeast, is one of the most common types of infections seen in pets. It is called otitis externa. Some breeds, particularly those with large or hairy ears like Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Poodles or Old English Sheepdogs, seem more prone to ear infections, but they can occur in any breed.
A pet with an ear infection is uncomfortable and the ear canals are sensitive. The pet shakes its head and scratches its ears trying to get the debris and fluid out. The ears often become red and inflamed and develop an offensive odour. A black or yellowish discharge commonly occurs.
There are several kinds of bacteria and at least one type of fungus (most commonly yeast) which might cause an ear infection. The type of ear medication used depends on the pathogen causing the ear problem. In some cases, the ear infection may be caused by a foreign body or tumour in the ear canal. Treatment with medication alone will not resolve these problems.
Your pet must be examined to be sure that the eardrum is intact. Administration of certain medications can result in loss of hearing if the eardrum is ruptured. This determination is made by the veterinary surgeon examining the ear canal with an otoscope. When your pets is in extreme pain and refuses to allow the examination, it may be necessary to sedate or completely anaesthetise the dog for a thorough examination.
Often underlying disease may be the result of secondary ear infections, this includes low thyroid function (hypothyroidism), food allergies and atopy (allergic skin disease). Undiagnosed may result in recurrence of the ear infection.
Nearly all ear infections that are properly diagnosed and treated can be cured. However, if an underlying cause remains unidentified and untreated, the outcome will be less favourable. Several examinations and tests (e.g. culture swabs) may be needed before the process is completed and we can expect ultimate success.
